Tumours use PDCD1-mediated inhibitory pathway and inhibit T-cell activation for immune system protection
An inhibitory receptor on antigen-activated T-cells that plays a critical role in the induction and maintenance of immune tolerance to self
Functioni
Inhibitory receptor on antigen activated T-cells that plays a critical role in induction and maintenance of immune tolerance to self (PubMed:21276005). Delivers inhibitory signals upon binding to ligands CD274/PDCD1L1 and CD273/PDCD1LG2 (PubMed:21276005). Following T-cell receptor (TCR) engagement, PDCD1 associates with CD3-TCR in the immunological synapse and directly inhibits T-cell activation (By similarity). Suppresses T-cell activation through the recruitment of PTPN11/SHP-2: following ligand-binding, PDCD1 is phosphorylated within the ITSM motif, leading to the recruitment of the protein tyrosine phosphatase PTPN11/SHP-2 that mediates dephosphorylation of key TCR proximal signaling molecules, such as ZAP70, PRKCQ/PKCtheta and CD247/CD3zeta (By similarity).By similarity1 Publication
The PDCD1-mediated inhibitory pathway is exploited by tumors to attenuate anti-tumor immunity and escape destruction by the immune system, thereby facilitating tumor survival (PubMed:28951311). The interaction with CD274/PDCD1L1 inhibits cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) effector function (PubMed:28951311). The blockage of the PDCD1-mediated pathway results in the reversal of the exhausted T-cell phenotype and the normalization of the anti-tumor response, providing a rationale for cancer immunotherapy (PubMed:22658127, PubMed:25034862, PubMed:25399552).1 Publication3 Publications
Activity regulationi
Inhibited by pembrolizumab (also named MK-3475 or lambrolizumab), a monoclonal antibody that prevents the interaction with CD274/PDCD1L1 (PubMed:27734966, PubMed:27325296). Inhibited by nivolumab (also named ONO-4538, BMS-936558 or Opdivo), a monoclonal antibody that prevents the interaction with CD274/PDCD1L1 (PubMed:28165004). The interaction with nivolumab is not dependent on glycosylation and depends on a loop at the N-terminus (N-terminal loop, corresponding to residues 25-34) (PubMed:28165004). Targeting the interaction between PDCD1 and CD274/PDCD1L1 with pembrolizumab and nivolumab antibodies has demonstrated great promise as a strategy for controlling and eradicating cancer (PubMed:22658127, PubMed:25034862, PubMed:25399552). Pembrolizumab and nivolumab are used for treatment of patients with advanced melanoma (PubMed:25034862, PubMed:25399552). These antibodies are also effective against other cancers, such as non-small cell lung cancer, renal cell carcinoma, bladder cancer and Hodgkin's lymphoma (PubMed:25034862).6 Publications
GO - Biological processi
- apoptotic process Source: ProtInc
- humoral immune response Source: ProtInc
- multicellular organism development Source: ProtInc
- negative regulation of apoptotic process Source: Ensembl
- negative regulation of tolerance induction Source: Ensembl
- positive regulation of T cell apoptotic process Source: UniProtKB
- T cell costimulation Source: Reactome
Keywordsi
| Biological process | Adaptive immunity, Apoptosis, Immunity |
Enzyme and pathway databases
| Reactomei | R-HSA-389948 PD-1 signaling |
| SIGNORi | Q15116 |
My name is Evelin Vahter
In 2016, I experienced a complete physical and psychological collapse that did not resolve through conventional routes. Through intense, independent inner work, I recovered completely – and since then I have been helping others resolve similar patterns.
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In most cases, the core issue resolves in 1–3 focused sessions.
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The goal is not dependency, but relief, clarity, and restored functioning.
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